Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K1, phylloquinone, or phytonadione, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, including vitamin K deficiency bleeding, nutritional deficiency, and to reverse overanticoagulation from vitamin K antagonists; as a technical note, phytomenadione acts as an essential cofactor for the gamma-glutamyl carboxylase enzyme that converts specific glutamate residues to gamma-carboxyglutamate in clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins C and S, is fat soluble and absorbed with dietary lipids and bile salts, and is formulated for oral, intramuscular, and intravenous administration with IV dosing requiring appropriate dilution and infusion rate controls.
Parent: Phytomenadione
Parent: Phytomenadione
Pharmaceutical and technical grades of phytomenadione are controlled by pharmacopeial and manufacturer specifications; typical finished substance acceptance criteria include an assay consistent with labeled potency (commonly greater than about 95% by validated HPLC methods), limits on individual related compounds generally at or below 0.5 percent by area or weight, and a total related substances limit commonly set at or below 2.0 percent, although exact limits follow the applicable monograph or regulatory filing; typical related compounds and degradants screened include menadione (a 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone family member), oxidized naphthoquinone derivatives and isomeric phylloquinones, and routine quality control also monitors residual solvents, heavy metals, and microbial contamination per pharmacopeial guidance.
Phytomenadione is used to prevent and treat bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency, to correct coagulopathy from poor dietary intake or malabsorption, and to reverse the anticoagulant effects of vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin when clinically indicated.
Phytomenadione is one form of vitamin K, specifically vitamin K1; vitamin K refers to a group of related compounds that share the biological role of serving as cofactors for gamma-glutamyl carboxylase.
Phytonadione is vitamin K1; vitamin K2 refers to menaquinones, which differ in side-chain structure and biological sources.
No, phytomenadione is not an anticoagulant; it promotes blood coagulation by enabling activation of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors and is used clinically to treat or reverse bleeding and overanticoagulation.
