Resiquimod is a drug that acts as an immune response modifier, and has antiviral and antitumour activity. It is used as a topical gel in the treatment of skin lesions such as those caused by the herpes simplex virus and cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and as a TLR7 and TLR8 agonist that stimulates innate immune pathways to induce type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. The molecule belongs to the imidazoquinoline class and triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation and downstream Th1-polarized responses, which underpins both its antiviral activity and tumor immune modulation. In topical formulations systemic exposure is typically low; development work has focused on optimizing local tissue retention, skin penetration and formulation tolerability. Analytical control is generally based on validated HPLC and LC-MS assays for assay and related substances, with additional structural confirmation by NMR where needed.
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