Zeatin is a cytokinin derived from adenine, which occurs in the form of a cis- and a trans-isomer and conjugates. Zeatin was discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus Zea. It promotes growth of lateral buds and when sprayed on meristems stimulate + some more technical info including receptor-mediated activation of the two-component cytokinin signaling pathway, interaction with histidine kinase receptors (for example AHK/CRE1 family), induction of type-B response regulator transcription factors and downstream cell cycle genes such as cyclin D to promote cell division and shoot organogenesis. Trans-zeatin, the biologically more active isomer, participates in vascular differentiation, delays leaf senescence, and alters source sink relationships by modulating nutrient mobilization and gene expression. Typical physicochemical properties relevant to formulation and handling are molecular formula C10H13N5O, molar mass 219.25 g/mol, crystalline solid appearance, limited aqueous solubility but good solubility in polar organic solvents such as methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide, and light and thermal sensitivity that recommend storage cold and protected from light. Standard analytical controls use reversed phase HPLC with UV detection and LC-MS confirmation for identity and assay.
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