El ácido salicílico, CAS 69-72-7, es un ácido hidroxicarboxílico aromático simple con fórmula C7H6O3 y peso molecular de 138,12 g/mol. En contextos farmacopeicos se reconoce como Aspirin EP Impurity C, Mesalazine EP Impurity H, Sulfasalazine EP Impurity H, Lamivudine EP Impurity C y una impureza relacionada con degradación o síntesis. Suele originarse por hidrólisis del ácido acetilsalicílico, escisión éster o arrastre de precursores fenólicos. Aunque no presenta una estructura de alerta genotóxica, su presencia es relevante para el perfil de impurezas y la evaluación de estabilidad. La determinación de trazas requiere habitualmente RP-LC con detección UV, confirmación por LC-MS/MS o GC-MS tras derivatización.
Referencias
Pierpoint, W. S. “Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants: Medicines, Metabolites and Messenger Molecules.” Advances in Botanical Research Volume 20, 1994, pp. 163–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2296(08)60217-7.
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